96, which was later nicknamed the American Quartet.
Dvořák had originally planned to come back to Bohemia, but Spillville was made up of mostly Czech immigrants, and thus he felt less homesick Dvořák referred to it as his "summer Vysoka." This is where he wrote his most famous piece of chamber music, his String Quartet in F major, Op. In the summer of 1893, Dvořák moved from New York City to Spillville, Iowa, following the advice of his secretary, J.J. While in the United States, Dvořák wrote his two most successful orchestral works: the Symphony From the New World, which spread his reputation worldwide, and his Cello Concerto, one of the most highly regarded of all cello concerti. The President of the National Conservatory of Music in America, Jeannette Thurber, offered Dvořák an annual salary of $15,000 – an incredibly lavish sum for the era (equivalent to $488,556 in 2022), twenty-five times what he was paid at the Prague Conservatory. In 1892, Dvořák moved to the United States and became the director of the National Conservatory of Music of America in New York City. In 1890–91, he wrote his Dumky Trio, one of his most successful chamber music pieces.
In 1891, Dvořák was appointed as a professor at the Prague Conservatory. Visiting Russia in March 1890, he conducted concerts of his own music in Moscow and Saint Petersburg. His Seventh Symphony was written for London. In his career, Dvořák made nine invited visits to England, often conducting performances of his own works. It was very successfully performed in London in 1883, leading to many other performances in the United Kingdom and United States. These were highly praised by the Berlin music critic Louis Ehlert in 1878, the sheet music (of the original piano 4-hands version) had excellent sales, and Dvořák's international reputation was launched at last.ĭvořák's first piece of a religious nature, his setting of Stabat Mater, was premiered in Prague in 1880. Brahms recommended Dvořák to his publisher, Simrock, who soon afterward commissioned what became the Slavonic Dances, Op. The prize was awarded to Dvořák in 1874 and again in 1876 and in 1877, when Brahms and the prominent critic Eduard Hanslick, also a member of the jury, made themselves known to him. Although Dvořák was not aware of it, Johannes Brahms was the leading member of the jury and was highly impressed.
In 1874, he made a submission to the Austrian State Prize for Composition, including scores of two further symphonies and other works. Seeking recognition beyond the Prague area, he submitted a score of his First Symphony to a prize competition in Germany, but did not win, and the unreturned manuscript was lost until it was rediscovered many decades later. The first public performances of his works were in Prague in 1872 and, with special success, in 1873, when he was 31 years old. Dvořák's style has been described as "the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them." ĭvořák displayed his musical gifts at an early age, being an apt violin student from age six. Dvořák frequently employed rhythms and other aspects of the folk music of Bohemia and his native Moravia, following the Romantic-era nationalist example of his predecessor Bedřich Smetana. Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( / d( ə) ˈ v ɔːr ʒ ɑː k, - ʒ æ k/ d(ə- )VOR-zha(h)k Czech: i 8 September 1841 – ) was a Czech composer.
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